Daily Sitting for Long Periods Increases the Odds for Subclinical Atheroma Plaques

每天长时间坐着会增加亚临床动脉粥样硬化斑块患病几率

声明：中文翻译来自chatGPT机翻

英文：Abstract: Sedentarism is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but currently it is not clear how a sedentary behavior such as long sitting time can affect atherosclerosis development.

中文：摘要静坐症是心血管疾病(CVD)的一个风险因素，但目前尚不清楚久坐等久坐行为如何影响动脉粥样硬化的发展。

英文：This study examined the relationship between sitting time and the prevalence of carotid and femoral subclinical atherosclerosis.

中文：本研究探讨了久坐与颈动脉和股骨亚临床动脉粥样硬化患病率之间的关系。

英文：A cross-sectional analysis based on a subsample of 2082 participants belonging to the Aragon Workers’ Health Study was carried out.

中文：基于2082名阿拉贡工人健康研究参与者的子样本进行了横断面分析

英文：Ultrasonography was used to assess the presence of plaques in carotid and femoral territories; the validated Spanish version of the questionnaire on the frequency of engaging in physical activity used in the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals’ was used to assess physical activity and sitting time; and demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were obtained by trained personnel during the annual medical examination.

中文：超声检查用于评估颈动脉和股骨区斑块的存在；使用护士健康研究和卫生专业人员中使用的经过验证的西班牙文版的身体活动频率问卷来评估身体活动和坐着的时间；在年度体检期间，由训练有素的人员获得人口统计学、人体测量和临床数据。

英文：Participants were categorized into <9 h/day and ≥9 h/day sitting time groups. After adjusting for several confounders, compared with participants that remain seated <9 h/day, those participants who remain seated ≥9 h/day had, respectively, OR = 1.25 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.55, p < 0.05) and OR = 1.38 (95%CI: 1.09, 1.74, p < 0.05) for carotid and any-territory plaque presence. Remaining seated ≥9 h/day is associated with higher odds for carotid and any-territory plaque presence independently of physical activity levels and other cardiovascular risk factors.

中文：参与者被分为<9小时/天和≥9小时/天坐姿时间组。在对几个混杂因素进行调整后，与保持<9小时/天坐姿的参与者相比，保持≥9小时/天坐姿的参与者的OR分别为=1.25(95%CL: 1.01、1.55、p<0.05)和OR=1.38(95%CL: 1.09，1.74，P<0.05)颈动脉和任何区域斑块每天保持9小时，与体力活动水平和其他心血管风险因素无关，颈动脉和任何区域斑块出现的几率更高。

英文：Keywords: sitting time; sedentary behavior; subclinical atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease

中文：关键词:久坐时间；久坐行为；亚临床动脉粥样硬化；心血管疾病

英文：1. Introduction

The first functional and pathological changes of atherosclerosis appear early in the youth and it slowly progresses all through life [1] until it manifests as clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), which occurs mainly from the fifth decade of life on, creating a remarkable personal and social burden.

中文：动脉粥样硬化的第一个功能和病理变化出现在青年早期，并在整个生命过程中缓慢发展[1]，直到它表现为临床心血管疾病(CVD)，主要发生在生命的第五个十年，造成了巨大的个人和社会负担。

英文：Acting upon lifestyle and behavior is one of the keystones in CVD prevention and control [1]. Sitting time has been identified in the last decade as a lifestyle factor that increases the prevalence of CVD and its risk factors, independent of physical activity performed [2].

中文：基于生活方式和行为是预防和控制心血管疾病的关键之一。[1]。在过去十年中，久坐被确定为增加心血管疾病及其风险因素的生活方式因素，这与进行的体育活动无关[2].

英文：In fact, there is evidence that the sitting time and physical inactivity affects cardiovascular physiology and metabolism differently, each with a specific biological effect [3–5]. While physical inactivity has been ranked as the fourth global leading cause of death [6], sitting time has been described as an independent major mortality risk factor, responsible for 3.8% of all deaths [7].

中文：事实上，有证据表明，久坐和不运动对心血管生理和代谢的影响各不相同，各自具有特定的生物学效应[3-5]。虽然缺乏运动已被列为全球第四大死亡原因[6]，但久坐被描述为一个独立的主要死亡风险因素，占所有死亡的3.8%。

英文：Prospective studies evidenced that two hours per day of additional sitting time increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular events on 5% and 17%, respectively, regardless of the physical activity level [2].

中文：前瞻性研究表明，无论体力活动水平如何，每天多坐两小时会使心血管死亡率和心血管事件风险分别增加5%和17%[2]。

英文：Adopting the sitting position has been associated with changes in carotid artery hemodynamics, and these, in turn, have been hypothesized to lead to atherosclerosis in that territory [8].

中文： 采用坐姿与颈动脉血流动力学的变化有关，而这些变化反过来又被认为会导致该区域的动脉粥样硬化[8]。

英文：Despite evidence on long term effects of sitting time, being able to show early deleterious effects is important in order to reinforce the knowledge on the causal chain, and to provide solid evidence to health promotion campaigns, which should intervene early in life.

中文： 尽管有证据表明坐着的时间会产生长期影响，但能够及早表现出来有害影响很重要，这样可以加强对因果链的认识，并为健康促进运动提供确凿的证据，而健康促进运动应该在生命早期进行干预。

英文：However, although epidemiological research discovered the association between sitting time and several CVD risk factors such as incident type 2 diabetes [9], inflammatory markers [10,11], and poor lipid profile [12], data about the effect of sitting time on subclinical atherosclerosis are very scarce.

中文：然而，尽管流行病学研究发现久坐与几个心血管疾病风险因素(如2型糖尿病发病[9]、炎症标志物[10，11]和血脂不良[12])之间存在关联，但关于久坐对亚临床动脉粥样硬化影响的数据非常稀少。